Opis panelu

In Antiquity, citizenship was defined intuitively and although it provided various privileges, it was not obligatory. The concepts of the state, proclaimed at the end of the Middle Ages, contributed to the emergence of the model of the modern state, for which borders and political citizenship were of the greatest importance, although man was only a passive subject of citizenship. At the end of the 19th century, people and their rights, especially freedoms, found themselves again in philosophical discourse. In the 20th century, after totalitarian experiences, in the era of development of globalization processes, the concept of citizenship changed. The first global citizenship was created, the citizenship of the European Union. The process of globalization is a challenge to traditionally understood identity, ethnic, national, cultural or religious. The need to shape a new paradigm of citizenship based on universal global ethics is increasingly being signaled. What should this new ethic of citizenship be based on? Are human rights the answer to these questions?

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